Question

ПОМОГИТЕ ПОЖАЛУЙСТА БИОЛОГИЯ , 7 КЛАСС ТЕМА : СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ПЛАУНОВ И ХВОЩЕЙ 1) ЧЕМ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕН ГАМЕТОФИТ У ПЛАУНОВ И У ХВОЩЕЙ 2) КАКОЕ ПОКОЛЕНИЕ ПРЕОБЛАДАЕТ У ПЛАУНОВ И ХВОЩЕЙ 3) НЕОБХОДИМОСТЬ ВОДЫ ДЛЯ РАЗМНОЖЕНИЯ ПЛАУНОВ И ХВОЩЕЙ

Answer 1

1)Гаметофиты хвощей - это самостоятельно существующие расчленены зеленые пластинки, на которых развиваются половые органы (антеридии и архегонии) с половыми клетками 
Гаметофит планов- небольшой росток называемый Заростком
2)У Плаунов спорофит преобладает над гаметофитом
   У Хвощей тоже спорофит
3) Необходимость воды при их размножении заключается в том, что у них нет приспособления для доставки гамет с мужского гаметофита на женский, а в водной среде гаметы могут спокойно перемещаться, что и позволяет совершить оплодотворение с последующим образованием зиготы

Answer 2

Comparative Characteristics of Mosses and Ferns

1) Gametophyte in Mosses and Ferns: - In mosses, the dominant and independent stage of the life cycle is the gametophyte. The gametophyte is a small, leafy structure that produces both male and female gametes (sperm and eggs) through mitosis. The male gametes are produced in structures called antheridia, while the female gametes are produced in structures called archegonia [[1]]. - In ferns, the dominant and independent stage of the life cycle is the sporophyte. The gametophyte is a small, heart-shaped structure called a prothallus. It is inconspicuous and grows on the underside of moist soil or rocks. The prothallus produces both male and female gametes through mitosis. The male gametes are produced in structures called antheridia, while the female gametes are produced in structures called archegonia [[2]].

2) Dominant Generation in Mosses and Ferns: - In mosses, the gametophyte generation is dominant. This means that the gametophyte is the larger and more visible stage of the life cycle. The sporophyte generation is dependent on the gametophyte and remains attached to it. The sporophyte consists of a capsule that produces spores through meiosis [[1]]. - In ferns, the sporophyte generation is dominant. This means that the sporophyte is the larger and more visible stage of the life cycle. The gametophyte generation is small and inconspicuous, growing independently of the sporophyte. The sporophyte consists of a frond (leaf) that produces spores through meiosis [[2]].

3) Water Requirement for Reproduction in Mosses and Ferns: - Both mosses and ferns require water for reproduction. - In mosses, water is necessary for the sperm to swim to the egg for fertilization. The sperm are released from the antheridia and swim through a film of water to reach the archegonia where the eggs are located [[1]]. - In ferns, water is also necessary for the sperm to swim to the egg for fertilization. The sperm are released from the antheridia and swim through a film of water to reach the archegonia where the eggs are located on the prothallus [[2]].

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