Question

Несмотря на колебания температуры внешней среды, температура тела человека поддерживается в пределах 36-37 градусов. почему?

Answer 1

Ибо у человека есть малый и большой круг кровообращения 

Answer 2

Why is the human body temperature maintained within the range of 36-37 degrees Celsius despite fluctuations in the external environment?

The human body has a remarkable ability to maintain a relatively stable internal temperature, even when the temperature of the external environment fluctuates. This is primarily due to the presence of a complex regulatory system known as thermoregulation.

Thermoregulation is the process by which the body maintains its core temperature within a narrow range. It involves a combination of physiological and behavioral responses that work together to balance heat production and heat loss.

Physiological Mechanisms of Thermoregulation:

1. Hypothalamus: The hypothalamus, a region in the brain, acts as the body's thermostat and plays a crucial role in regulating body temperature. It receives information from temperature sensors located throughout the body and initiates appropriate responses to maintain temperature homeostasis.

2. Sweating: When the body temperature rises above the set point, the hypothalamus triggers sweating. Sweat is produced by sweat glands and evaporates from the skin's surface, which helps to dissipate heat and cool the body down.

3. Vasodilation: Another mechanism employed by the body to regulate temperature is vasodilation. When the body needs to release heat, blood vessels near the skin's surface dilate, allowing more blood to flow through them. This increases heat loss through radiation and convection.

4. Shivering: On the other hand, when the body temperature drops below the set point, the hypothalamus triggers shivering. Shivering is an involuntary muscle contraction that generates heat and helps to raise the body's temperature.

Behavioral Mechanisms of Thermoregulation:

1. Clothing: Humans have the ability to modify their clothing choices based on the environmental temperature. Wearing appropriate clothing can help to insulate the body and reduce heat loss in colder conditions or allow for better heat dissipation in warmer conditions.

2. Seeking Shelter: Seeking shelter in a cooler or warmer environment can also help to regulate body temperature. For example, finding shade on a hot day or seeking warmth indoors during cold weather.

Conclusion:

In summary, the human body maintains a relatively constant internal temperature within the range of 36-37 degrees Celsius through a combination of physiological and behavioral mechanisms. The hypothalamus acts as the body's thermostat, triggering responses such as sweating, vasodilation, and shivering to regulate heat production and heat loss. Additionally, behavioral adaptations such as clothing choices and seeking shelter also contribute to maintaining body temperature within the desired range.

Please note that the information provided above is based on general knowledge and may not be applicable to specific medical conditions or situations. It is always recommended to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and information.