Question

В чем смысл полиплоидии? ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ НЕ НУЖНО, ИМЕННО ПОЯСНИТЬ, В ЧЕМ СМЫСЛ!!

Answer 1

Ответ:

Полиплоидия растений имеет хозяйственную ценность (повышенные размеры плодов, большая сахаристость, лучшая сохранность и др.). По этой причине полиплоиды используют в селекционной работе для получения новых сортов сельскохозяйственных растений.

Полиплоидия встречается также у человека в пренатальном периоде развития.

Объяснение:

Answer 2

The Meaning of Polyploidy

Polyploidy refers to the condition in which an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes in its cells. This can occur naturally or be induced artificially. Polyploidy is commonly observed in plants, although it can also occur in animals. The term "polyploidy" is derived from the Greek words "poly," meaning many, and "ploidy," referring to the number of sets of chromosomes.

The significance of polyploidy lies in its impact on the genetic makeup and characteristics of organisms. Polyploid organisms often exhibit distinct traits and can have advantages or disadvantages compared to their diploid counterparts. Here are some key points to consider:

1. Increased Genetic Variation: Polyploidy can lead to increased genetic diversity within a population. This is because polyploid organisms possess multiple copies of each chromosome, allowing for more genetic recombination and the potential for new combinations of genes.

2. Adaptation and Evolution: Polyploidy can provide a mechanism for rapid adaptation and evolution. The presence of multiple copies of genes allows for redundancy and flexibility in gene expression, which can enhance an organism's ability to respond to changing environmental conditions.

3. Hybrid Vigor: Polyploidy can result from the fusion of two different species, leading to the formation of a hybrid organism. These hybrids often exhibit increased vigor, growth, and fertility compared to their parental species. This phenomenon, known as hybrid vigor or heterosis, is commonly observed in agriculture, where polyploid crops are bred for improved yield and quality.

4. Reproductive Isolation: Polyploidy can contribute to reproductive isolation and speciation. Polyploid individuals may have difficulty reproducing with their diploid counterparts, leading to the formation of a new species. This can contribute to biodiversity and the generation of new evolutionary lineages.

5. Economic and Agricultural Importance: Polyploidy has significant economic and agricultural importance. Many important crop plants, such as wheat, cotton, and potatoes, are polyploid. Polyploid crops often exhibit desirable traits such as increased yield, disease resistance, and tolerance to environmental stresses.

It is important to note that the specific effects of polyploidy can vary depending on the organism and the specific circumstances. Polyploidy can have both positive and negative consequences, and its significance is influenced by factors such as the genetic background, environment, and reproductive strategies of the organism in question.

Overall, polyploidy plays a crucial role in shaping the genetic diversity, adaptation, and evolution of organisms, and it has practical applications in agriculture and plant breeding.

I hope this explanation clarifies the meaning and significance of polyploidy for you! Let me know if you have any further questions.