Question

 Сравните агробиоценоз с биогеоценозом. Что между ними общего и различного?

Answer 1

Ответ:

Сходство агроценоза и биогеоценоза, наличие трех звеньев: организмов — производителей, потребителей и разрушителей органического вещества, круговорот веществ, территориальные и пищевые связи между организмами, растения — начальное звено цепи питания.  

Отличия агроценоза от биогеоценоза: небольшое число видов в агроценозе, преобладание организмов одного вида (например, пшеницы в поле, овец на пастбище), короткие цепи питания, неполный круговорот веществ (значительный вынос биомассы в виде урожая), слабая саморегуляция, высокая численность животных отдельных видов (вредителей сельскохозяйственных растений или паразитов).

Объяснение:

Answer 2

Agrobioсenosis vs. Biogeocenosis: Similarities and Differences

Agrobioсenosis and biogeocenosis are both terms used in ecology to describe different types of ecological communities. While they share some similarities, there are also notable differences between them.

Agrobioсenosis refers to an ecological community that is artificially created or significantly influenced by human activities, particularly in the context of agriculture. It typically involves cultivated plants, domesticated animals, and the associated microorganisms. Agrobioсenosis can include agricultural fields, gardens, orchards, and other human-managed ecosystems.

On the other hand, biogeocenosis refers to a natural ecological community that develops and functions without significant human intervention. It encompasses a wide range of ecosystems, such as forests, grasslands, wetlands, and marine environments. Biogeocenosis is characterized by the interactions between various organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, as well as the physical and chemical factors of the environment.

Similarities between Agrobioсenosis and Biogeocenosis

Despite their differences, agrobioсenosis and biogeocenosis share some common characteristics:

1. Organisms: Both types of ecological communities involve interactions between different organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. These interactions play a crucial role in shaping the structure and dynamics of the community.

2. Energy Flow: Both agrobioсenosis and biogeocenosis rely on the flow of energy through the ecosystem. Energy is transferred from producers (plants) to consumers (animals) through various trophic levels.

3. Nutrient Cycling: Both types of communities participate in nutrient cycling, where essential elements are recycled and reused within the ecosystem. Nutrients are absorbed by plants, transferred to consumers through the food chain, and eventually returned to the environment through decomposition and other processes.

Differences between Agrobioсenosis and Biogeocenosis

While there are similarities, there are also significant differences between agrobioсenosis and biogeocenosis:

1. Human Influence: The most notable difference is the level of human influence. Agrobioсenosis is heavily influenced by human activities, such as cultivation, irrigation, fertilization, and pest control. In contrast, biogeocenosis develops and functions naturally, without significant human intervention.

2. Biodiversity: Biogeocenosis tends to have higher biodiversity compared to agrobioсenosis. Natural ecosystems support a wide range of species, including those adapted to specific environmental conditions. Agrobioсenosis, on the other hand, often consists of a limited number of cultivated plant species and domesticated animals.

3. Stability: Biogeocenosis is generally more stable and resilient to disturbances compared to agrobioсenosis. Natural ecosystems have evolved over long periods, developing complex interactions and feedback mechanisms that help maintain stability. Agrobioсenosis, being more influenced by human activities, can be more vulnerable to disruptions and changes.

In summary, agrobioсenosis and biogeocenosis are two different types of ecological communities. Agrobioсenosis is influenced by human activities and primarily consists of cultivated plants, domesticated animals, and associated microorganisms. Biogeocenosis, on the other hand, is a natural ecological community that develops without significant human intervention and encompasses a wider range of species and ecosystems. While they share similarities in terms of organism interactions, energy flow, and nutrient cycling, their differences lie in the level of human influence, biodiversity, and stability.