Question

Таблица про эукариот функции, место нахождения в клетке, структура.​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Эукарио́ты (устар. эвкарио́ты; лат. Eukaryota от др.-греч. εὖ- «хорошо; полностью»[2] + κάρυον «орех; ядро»), или я́дерные — домен (надцарство) живых организмов, клетки которых содержат ядро. Эукариотами, в частности, являются животные, грибы и растения. Организмы, в клетках которых ядра нет (бактерии и археи), называются прокариотами. Вирусы и вироиды не относятся ни к прокариотам, ни к эукариотам; более того, даже вопрос, считать ли их живыми организмами, является дискуссионным.

Answer 2

Eukaryotic Cell Structure, Functions, and Location

Eukaryotic cells are complex cells that make up the organisms in the domain Eukarya, which includes plants, animals, fungi, and protists. These cells are characterized by having a true nucleus enclosed within a nuclear membrane and various membrane-bound organelles. Let's explore the functions, location, and structure of some key components of eukaryotic cells.

Nucleus

The nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains the cell's genetic material, DNA. It is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope and contains one or more nucleoli. The nucleus regulates gene expression and controls the cell's activities. The nucleus is typically located in the center of the cell.

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they generate most of the cell's energy through a process called cellular respiration. They have a double membrane structure and contain their own DNA. Mitochondria are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, and their number can vary depending on the cell's energy requirements. They are more abundant in cells that require a lot of energy, such as muscle cells.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranous tubules and sacs that extends throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. It plays a crucial role in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and detoxification of drugs and toxins. There are two types of ER: rough ER, which is studded with ribosomes and involved in protein synthesis, and smooth ER, which lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification.

Golgi Apparatus

The Golgi apparatus is a stack of flattened membranous sacs called cisternae. It is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport to their final destinations within or outside the cell. The Golgi apparatus is typically located near the nucleus, and its structure consists of a cis face (receiving side) and a trans face (shipping side).

Lysosomes

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They are involved in breaking down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances that enter the cell. Lysosomes are typically found in animal cells and are less common in plant cells.

Vacuoles

Vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs that are involved in storage, waste disposal, and maintaining turgor pressure in plant cells. Plant cells typically have a large central vacuole that occupies a significant portion of the cell's volume. Animal cells also have vacuoles, but they are smaller and less prominent compared to plant cells.

Conclusion

Eukaryotic cells are highly organized and contain various organelles that perform specific functions. The nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles are some of the key organelles found in eukaryotic cells. Each organelle has a specific structure and location within the cell, and they work together to ensure the proper functioning of the cell.

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