Question

Древние пресмыкающиеся смогли широко распространится на суше, так как в процессе эволюции у них впервые сформировались 1) два круга кровообращения и трехкамерное сердце 2) пять отделов головного мозга 3)веки, защищающие глаза 4) яйца с большим запасом питательных веществ Почему картофель в хозяйственных целях не размножают семенами 1)у растений развиваются мелкие клубни 2) в семенах отсутствуют запасающая ткань 3) семена не прорастают при колебаниях температуры 4) картофель после цветения и опыления не образует семян

Answer 1

4 - яйца с большим запасом питательных веществ.
Появление яиц с твёрдой скорлупой - это ароморфоз пресмыкающихся.

1 - у растений развиваются мелкие клубни.
Урожай семенного картофеля называют мини-клубни и используют в дальнейшем как посадочный материал.

Answer 2

Evolutionary Adaptations of Ancient Reptiles

Ancient reptiles were able to widely spread on land due to several evolutionary adaptations that provided them with advantages in survival and reproduction. These adaptations include the development of:

1. Two Circulatory Systems and a Three-Chambered Heart: Ancient reptiles evolved a double circulatory system, consisting of a pulmonary circuit and a systemic circuit, which allowed for efficient oxygenation of the blood and distribution of nutrients throughout the body. Additionally, they developed a three-chambered heart, with two atria and one ventricle, which helped separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to some extent.

2. Five Divisions of the Brain: Another significant adaptation in ancient reptiles was the development of five divisions in the brain. This allowed for more complex sensory processing, motor control, and cognitive abilities, which contributed to their survival and ability to navigate their environment.

3. Protective Eyelids: Ancient reptiles also evolved protective eyelids, which helped shield their eyes from potential damage and allowed them to adapt to various environments. These eyelids provided additional protection against dust, debris, and excessive light, enhancing their visual capabilities.

4. Eggs with Nutrient Reserves: One of the key adaptations that contributed to the success of ancient reptiles was the development of eggs with a significant amount of nutrient reserves. These nutrient-rich eggs allowed reptiles to reproduce on land and provided a stable environment for the development of their offspring. The presence of abundant nutrients in the eggs increased the chances of survival and successful hatching of the young reptiles.

Why Potatoes are not Propagated by Seeds in Agriculture

In agricultural practices, potatoes are not typically propagated by seeds. Instead, they are commonly propagated using small tubers or pieces of tubers. This is due to several reasons:

1. Development of Small Tubers: Potatoes develop small tubers during their growth cycle, which are essentially clones of the parent plant. These small tubers can be used for propagation, allowing farmers to maintain the desired characteristics of the parent plant in the next generation.

2. Lack of Nutrient Reserves in Seeds: Unlike many other plants, potato seeds do not contain significant nutrient reserves. Seeds are typically packed with nutrients to support the initial growth of the plant until it can establish its own root system and start photosynthesizing. However, potato seeds do not have this nutrient reserve, making them less suitable for propagation.

3. Temperature Sensitivity of Seeds: Potato seeds are sensitive to temperature fluctuations and do not germinate well under varying temperature conditions. This makes it challenging to propagate potatoes using seeds, as the seeds may not sprout or grow consistently.

4. Lack of Seed Formation after Flowering: When potatoes flower and undergo pollination, they do not typically produce viable seeds. Instead, they form small, green fruits that contain many seeds, but these seeds are not commonly used for propagation. The focus in potato cultivation is primarily on the tubers, which are the desired edible part of the plant.

In summary, potatoes are not propagated by seeds in agriculture due to the development of small tubers, the lack of nutrient reserves in seeds, the temperature sensitivity of seeds, and the absence of viable seeds after flowering and pollination