Question

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Answer 1

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Answer 2

Comparison of Excretory Organs in Earthworms and Spiders

Earthworms and spiders belong to different phyla and have different anatomical structures, including their excretory systems. Let's compare the excretory organs of earthworms and spiders.

Earthworms: Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida and have a closed circulatory system. They possess specialized excretory organs called nephridia, which are responsible for excretion and osmoregulation. Nephridia are present in each segment of the earthworm's body.

The nephridia in earthworms consist of three main parts: the nephrostome, the tubule, and the nephridiopore. The nephrostome is a funnel-shaped opening that collects waste fluid from the coelomic cavity. The fluid then passes through the tubule, where reabsorption of useful substances and secretion of waste products occur. Finally, the waste fluid is expelled through the nephridiopore, located on the ventral side of each segment.

Spiders: Spiders belong to the phylum Arthropoda and have an open circulatory system. Unlike earthworms, spiders do not possess nephridia. Instead, they have specialized structures called Malpighian tubules, which are responsible for excretion and osmoregulation.

Malpighian tubules in spiders are located in the abdomen and are connected to the digestive system. These tubules extract waste products, such as nitrogenous compounds, from the hemolymph (spider's blood) and transport them to the digestive system for elimination. The tubules also play a role in maintaining the water balance in the spider's body.

Similarities and Differences:

Similarities: - Both earthworms and spiders have specialized excretory organs that help in the elimination of waste products. - Both organisms perform osmoregulation to maintain the balance of water and solutes in their bodies.

Differences: - Earthworms have nephridia, while spiders have Malpighian tubules. - Nephridia are present in each segment of an earthworm's body, while Malpighian tubules are located in the abdomen of spiders. - Earthworms have a closed circulatory system, while spiders have an open circulatory system.

In summary, earthworms and spiders have different excretory organs due to their distinct anatomical structures and evolutionary adaptations. Earthworms possess nephridia, while spiders have Malpighian tubules. These organs play a crucial role in excretion and osmoregulation, helping these organisms maintain a healthy internal environment.

I hope this information helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.