Question

Порівняти кровоносні системи земноводних та рептилій. СРОЧНОООО!!!!!!!! ДАЮ 25 БАЛЛОВ!!!!!!!!!

Answer 1

Ответ:

Кровоносна система замкнена, серце трикамерне зі змішуванням крові у шлуночку (крім безлегеневих саламандр, які мають двокамерне серце). Температура тіла залежить від температури навколишнього середовища. - земноводні

Кровоносна система плазунів — замкнута, складається з серця і судин. Є два кола кровообігу. На відміну від серця земноводних, у шлуночку серця плазунів є перегородка. Вона є неповною, тому кров у шлуночку змішується. - рептилії

Answer 2

Comparison of the Circulatory Systems in Amphibians and Reptiles

The circulatory systems of amphibians and reptiles have some similarities but also several key differences. Let's compare the two systems in terms of their structure, function, and adaptations.

1. Structure: The circulatory system of both amphibians and reptiles consists of a heart, blood vessels, and blood cells. However, there are some structural differences between the two.

- Amphibians: Amphibians have a three-chambered heart, which consists of two atria and one ventricle. The ventricle is partially divided, allowing for some separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. The blood vessels in amphibians are relatively simple, with a single circuit that includes both pulmonary and systemic circulation.

- Reptiles: Reptiles have a more advanced circulatory system compared to amphibians. They have a three-chambered or four-chambered heart, depending on the species. The three-chambered heart consists of two atria and one ventricle, similar to amphibians. However, in some reptiles, such as crocodilians and birds, there is a partial or complete separation of the ventricle, resulting in a four-chambered heart. The blood vessels in reptiles are more complex, with separate pulmonary and systemic circuits.

2. Function: The circulatory systems of both amphibians and reptiles serve the same basic functions of transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. However, there are some functional differences between the two.

- Amphibians: Amphibians have a less efficient circulatory system compared to reptiles. The mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the ventricle limits the amount of oxygen that can be delivered to the tissues. This is why amphibians often have to supplement their respiration with cutaneous (skin) respiration.

- Reptiles: Reptiles have a more efficient circulatory system compared to amphibians. The separation of the ventricle in some reptiles allows for more efficient oxygenation of the blood. This enables reptiles to have a higher metabolic rate and be more active than amphibians.

3. Adaptations: Both amphibians and reptiles have adaptations in their circulatory systems that help them survive in their respective environments.

- Amphibians: Amphibians have adaptations that allow them to respire through their skin. Their thin and moist skin helps facilitate gas exchange, especially in aquatic environments. This adaptation is necessary because the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the ventricle limits the amount of oxygen that can be delivered to the tissues.

- Reptiles: Reptiles have adaptations that allow them to be more active and have higher metabolic rates. The separation of the ventricle in some reptiles enables more efficient oxygenation of the blood, allowing for increased activity levels. Additionally, reptiles have scales or scutes that help prevent water loss, allowing them to live in drier environments.

In summary, while both amphibians and reptiles have circulatory systems that serve the same basic functions, there are notable differences in their structure, function, and adaptations. Reptiles have a more advanced circulatory system with a higher metabolic rate, while amphibians have a less efficient system that relies on cutaneous respiration. These differences reflect the evolutionary adaptations of each group to their respective environments.