Question

К какому абиотическому фактору наиболее чувствительны лишайники?​

Answer 1

Ответ:

К загрязнению воздуха

Answer 2

Abiotic Factors Affecting Lichens

Lichens are symbiotic organisms composed of a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium. They are known for their ability to colonize a wide range of habitats, including extreme environments. Abiotic factors, such as temperature, light, moisture, and air pollution, can significantly impact the growth and survival of lichens.

Among the abiotic factors, lichens are most sensitive to air pollution. Air pollution, particularly high levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted from industrial activities and vehicle emissions, can have detrimental effects on lichens. These pollutants can directly damage the photosynthetic apparatus of the algal or cyanobacterial component of the lichen, leading to reduced photosynthesis and growth.

Lichens are also sensitive to changes in temperature and moisture. Extreme temperatures, both hot and cold, can affect the metabolic activity and growth of lichens. High temperatures can cause desiccation and damage to the lichen's cells, while low temperatures can inhibit metabolic processes Moisture availability is crucial for lichens, as they rely on water for their metabolic activities. Lichens can become desiccated and dormant during dry periods, and their growth and activity resume when moisture becomes available.

Light intensity and quality also play a role in lichen growth. Lichens require sufficient light for photosynthesis, but excessive light can cause photoinhibition and damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. Different species of lichens have varying light requirements, with some being more shade-tolerant and others requiring direct sunlight.

It is important to note that while lichens are sensitive to these abiotic factors, they also exhibit remarkable adaptability and resilience. Some lichens can tolerate and even thrive in harsh environments, such as arctic tundra or rocky deserts. Their ability to withstand and recover from environmental stressors is attributed to their unique symbiotic relationship and physiological adaptations.

In conclusion, lichens are most sensitive to air pollution, particularly high levels of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. They are also affected by temperature, moisture availability, and light intensity. These abiotic factors can influence the growth, survival, and metabolic activity of lichens.