Question

Какая функция белков обеспечивает тонус кровеносный сосудов, передвижение пищи по пищеводу?

Answer 1

Ответ:

Тра́нспортные белки́ — собирательное название большой группы белков, выполняющих функцию переноса различных лигандов как через клеточную мембрану или внутри клетки (у одноклеточных организмов), так и между различными клетками многоклеточного организма. Транспортные белки могут быть как интегрированными в мембрану, так и водорастворимыми белками, секретируемыми из клетки, находящимися в пери- или цитоплазматическом пространстве, в ядре или органеллах эукариот.

Answer 2

Відповідь:

двигательная

Пояснення:

Answer 3

Function of Proteins in Maintaining Vascular Tone and Food Movement in the Esophagus

Proteins play a crucial role in various physiological processes, including maintaining vascular tone and facilitating the movement of food through the esophagus.

1. Maintaining Vascular Tone: Vascular tone refers to the degree of constriction or relaxation of blood vessels, which affects blood flow and blood pressure regulation. One protein that contributes to maintaining vascular tone is endothelin. Endothelin is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide that is produced by endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. It acts on smooth muscle cells in the vessel walls, causing them to contract and narrowing the blood vessels.

2. Movement of Food through the Esophagus: The movement of food through the esophagus is facilitated by a process called peristalsis. Peristalsis involves coordinated contractions of smooth muscles in the esophageal wall, which propel the food bolus from the mouth to the stomach. Several proteins are involved in this process:

- Actin and Myosin: Actin and myosin are contractile proteins that are responsible for muscle contraction. In the esophagus, the coordinated contraction of smooth muscle cells is mediated by the interaction between actin and myosin, leading to the peristaltic movement of food.

- Neurotransmitters: Neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, play a role in transmitting signals between nerve cells and smooth muscle cells in the esophagus. These signals trigger muscle contractions that propel the food bolus forward.

- Calcium Channels: Calcium ions play a crucial role in muscle contraction. Calcium channels in the smooth muscle cells of the esophagus allow calcium ions to enter the cells, triggering muscle contraction and facilitating the movement of food.

In summary, proteins such as endothelin, actin, myosin, neurotransmitters, and calcium channels contribute to maintaining vascular tone and facilitating the movement of food through the esophagus. These proteins play essential roles in the proper functioning of the cardiovascular and digestive systems.

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