Question

задание 3. А) Опишите различия между мономерами и полимерами (не менее д К моносахаридам относится: 1) сахароза; 2) глюкоза; 3) крахмал; 4) лактоза (1 бал.​

Answer 1

Differences between Monomers and Polymers

Monomers and polymers are both types of molecules, but they have distinct characteristics and functions.

Monomers are small, individual molecules that can join together to form larger molecules called polymers. Monomers are typically simple and have a relatively low molecular weight. They are the building blocks of polymers and can be repeated multiple times to create a polymer chain.

Polymers, on the other hand, are large molecules made up of repeating units of monomers. They have a higher molecular weight compared to monomers. Polymers can be linear, branched, or cross-linked structures, depending on the arrangement of monomer units.

Now, let's discuss the specific examples you provided:

1. Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of two monosaccharides, glucose and fructose. It is commonly known as table sugar. Sucrose is a non-reducing sugar and is used as a sweetener in various food and beverage products.

2. Glucose is a monosaccharide and is the primary source of energy for living organisms. It is a simple sugar that is found in various foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and honey. Glucose is an essential component of many biological processes and is a key player in cellular respiration.

3. Starch is a complex carbohydrate and a polymer of glucose molecules. It is the primary energy storage molecule in plants. Starch is commonly found in foods like potatoes, rice, and wheat. It can be broken down by enzymes in the body to release glucose for energy.

4. Lactose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose. It is the primary sugar found in milk and dairy products. Lactose is broken down by the enzyme lactase in the small intestine to be absorbed and utilized by the body.

Please note that the information provided above is based on search results and general knowledge. For more specific details, it is recommended to refer to reliable sources on chemistry and biochemistry.