Question

Оцените роль условных и безусловных рефлексов в выживании организмов. Приведите свои примеры.​

Answer 1

Безусловные — например инстинкт самосохранения, защитная реакция (организм не поставит свою жизнь под угрозу).

Условные — адаптация в чужой для вида среде обитания.

Роль рефлексов имеет большое значение, поскольку без них организм погибает.

Answer 2

The Role of Conditional and Unconditional Reflexes in Organism Survival

Conditional and unconditional reflexes play crucial roles in the survival of organisms. Reflexes are involuntary responses to specific stimuli that help organisms adapt to their environment and ensure their well-being. While both conditional and unconditional reflexes contribute to survival, they differ in their nature and origin.

Unconditional Reflexes: Unconditional reflexes, also known as innate or instinctive reflexes, are automatic responses that are present in organisms from birth. These reflexes are not learned but are instead hardwired into the organism's nervous system. They are essential for survival as they provide immediate and instinctive reactions to stimuli that are critical for the organism's well-being.

One example of an unconditional reflex is the gag reflex. When an object touches the back of the throat, the muscles in the throat contract involuntarily, causing a gagging sensation. This reflex helps prevent choking by expelling foreign objects from the throat.

Another example is the startle reflex. When exposed to a sudden loud noise or a bright light, organisms, including humans, instinctively react by blinking, flinching, or jumping. This reflex helps protect the organism from potential dangers by preparing the body for fight or flight.

Conditional Reflexes: Conditional reflexes, also known as learned reflexes or acquired reflexes, are responses that are acquired through experience and conditioning. Unlike unconditional reflexes, conditional reflexes are not present at birth but are developed over time through repeated exposure to specific stimuli.

One well-known example of a conditional reflex is Pavlov's dogs. In Ivan Pavlov's famous experiment, he conditioned dogs to associate the sound of a bell with the presentation of food. Eventually, the dogs began to salivate at the sound of the bell alone, even in the absence of food. This conditioned reflex demonstrated the ability of organisms to learn and adapt their responses to stimuli based on previous experiences.

Another example is the learned fear response. Organisms can learn to associate certain stimuli with fear or danger through conditioning. For instance, if an animal is repeatedly exposed to a particular sound before experiencing a negative event, it may develop a conditioned fear response to that sound. This reflex helps the organism avoid potential threats and survive in its environment.

Conclusion: In conclusion, both conditional and unconditional reflexes play vital roles in the survival of organisms. Unconditional reflexes provide immediate and instinctive responses to stimuli, ensuring the organism's immediate well-being. Conditional reflexes, on the other hand, are learned responses that allow organisms to adapt and modify their behavior based on previous experiences. Together, these reflexes contribute to an organism's ability to navigate its environment, avoid harm, and ultimately survive.