Question

Строение и функции волосковых клеток

Answer 1

Ответ:

Объяснение:

Волосковые клетки — рецепторы слуховой системы и вестибулярного аппарата у всех позвоночных. У млекопитающих слуховые волосковые клетки расположены в Кортиевом органе на тонкой базилярной мембране в улитке, которая находится во внутреннем ухе. Они получили своё название из-за нитей стереоцилий, которые высовываются из волоскового пучка на верхней поверхности клетки, в канале улитки (трубе, заполненной жидкостью). Улиточные волосковые клетки у млекопитающих делятся на 2 типа, которые имеют разное строение и функции: внутренние и наружные. Если волосковые клетки повредились, то возникает нейросенсорная тугоухость.

Кортиев орган. Внешние волосковые клетки находятся вверху, внутренние — в центре.

Answer 2

Structure and Functions of Ciliated Cells

Ciliated cells are specialized cells found in various organisms, including humans. They are characterized by the presence of hair-like structures called cilia on their surface. These cilia are responsible for performing various functions within the body. Let's explore the structure and functions of ciliated cells in more detail.

Structure of Ciliated Cells: Ciliated cells have a distinct structure that enables them to carry out their functions effectively. The main components of a ciliated cell include:

1. Cell Membrane: The outermost layer of the cell that separates the cell from its environment. 2. Cytoplasm: The gel-like substance that fills the cell and contains various organelles. 3. Nucleus: The control center of the cell that contains the genetic material. 4. Cilia: Hair-like structures that extend from the cell surface. These cilia are composed of microtubules and are anchored to the cell by basal bodies.

Functions of Ciliated Cells: Ciliated cells perform several important functions in different organisms. Here are some of their key functions:

1. Movement of Fluids: One of the primary functions of ciliated cells is to move fluids across the cell surface. The coordinated beating of the cilia creates a wave-like motion, which helps propel fluids in a specific direction. For example, in the respiratory system, ciliated cells in the airways help move mucus and trapped particles out of the lungs.

2. Sensory Functions: Ciliated cells also play a role in sensory perception. In certain organisms, cilia function as sensory receptors, detecting changes in the surrounding environment. For example, in the human body, cilia in the inner ear help detect sound vibrations and contribute to our sense of hearing.

3. Filtration and Protection: Ciliated cells are involved in the filtration and protection of various organs. In the respiratory system, ciliated cells in the nasal passages and airways help filter out dust, pollen, and other particles, preventing them from reaching the lungs. In the female reproductive system, ciliated cells in the fallopian tubes help move the egg towards the uterus.

4. Embryonic Development: During embryonic development, ciliated cells play a crucial role in the movement of cells and tissues. They help generate fluid currents that aid in the proper positioning and organization of developing structures.

Conclusion: Ciliated cells are specialized cells with hair-like structures called cilia. They perform various functions, including the movement of fluids, sensory perception, filtration and protection, and embryonic development. The structure and functions of ciliated cells are essential for the proper functioning of different organs and systems in organisms.