Question

В организме человека постоянно поддерживается температура + 36,6 ° С Назовите совокупность процессов, обеспечивающих эту устойчивость. раздражимость регуляция самовоспроизведение самовосстановление Вопрос №3 ? 1 балл Укажите название веществ, которые участвуют в иммунной регуляции. Ферменты Антигены Антибиотики Антитела Вопрос №4 ? 1 балл Как называют реакцию организма на раздражитель, что происходит с участием нервной системы? Тропизм Настии Таксис Рефлекс Вопрос №5 ? 1 балл Установите соответствие между физиологическими системами (1-4) и их функциями (А-Д). Пищеварительная Иммунная Дыхательная Выделительная Насыщение крови кислородом Защита организма от болезнетворных бактерий Транспорт питательных веществ Переваривание пищи и всасывание питательных веществ Выделение продуктов обмена веществ

Answer 1

Ответ: 2:регуляция

3:антитела

4:рефлекс

5:Пищеварительная-Переваривание пищи и всасывание питательных веществ

Иммунная-Защита организма от болезнетворных бактерий

Дыхательная -Насыщение крови кислородом

Выделительная -Выделение продуктов обмена веществ

Answer 2

The processes that maintain the stability of the human body temperature at 36.6°C are:

The human body maintains a stable temperature through a combination of processes, including:

1. Thermoregulation: The body's ability to regulate its internal temperature within a narrow range is known as thermoregulation. It involves various mechanisms to balance heat production and heat loss, ensuring that the body temperature remains relatively constant. These mechanisms include sweating, shivering, and changes in blood flow to the skin [[1]].

2. Metabolism: Metabolism refers to the chemical processes that occur within the body to maintain life. It involves the conversion of food into energy, which generates heat as a byproduct. The body's metabolic rate plays a role in maintaining body temperature [[2]].

3. Hormonal regulation: Hormones, such as thyroid hormones, play a role in regulating body temperature. Thyroid hormones influence the metabolic rate, which affects heat production and thermoregulation [[3]].

4. Behavioral adaptations: Humans can also adjust their behavior to regulate body temperature. For example, seeking shade or wearing appropriate clothing in hot weather or seeking warmth and shelter in cold weather can help maintain body temperature within the desired range [[4]].

5. Vasodilation and vasoconstriction: Blood vessels near the skin's surface can dilate or constrict to regulate heat loss or heat conservation. Vasodilation increases blood flow to the skin, allowing heat to dissipate, while vasoconstriction reduces blood flow to the skin, conserving heat [[5]].

6. Sweating: Sweating is an important mechanism for cooling the body. When the body temperature rises, sweat glands produce sweat, which evaporates from the skin's surface, taking away heat and cooling the body [[6]].

7. Shivering: Shivering is a reflexive muscle contraction that generates heat. When the body temperature drops, shivering helps increase heat production to raise the body temperature [[7]].

These processes work together to maintain the stability of the human body temperature at around 36.6°C.

The substances involved in immune regulation are:

The immune system is responsible for defending the body against harmful pathogens and maintaining overall health. Several substances participate in immune regulation, including:

1. Antibodies: Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of foreign substances called antigens. Antibodies recognize and bind to specific antigens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells [[8]].

2. Cytokines: Cytokines are small proteins secreted by immune cells that regulate immune responses. They act as chemical messengers, coordinating the activities of different immune cells and modulating the immune system's overall function. Cytokines can stimulate or suppress immune responses, depending on the situation [[9]].

3. Complement proteins: Complement proteins are a group of proteins that work together to enhance the immune response. They can directly destroy pathogens, recruit immune cells to the site of infection, and promote inflammation [[10]].

4. Chemokines: Chemokines are a type of cytokine that specifically attract immune cells to the site of infection or inflammation. They help coordinate the movement of immune cells and facilitate their interaction with pathogens [[11]].

These substances play crucial roles in regulating the immune system and maintaining a balanced immune response.

The reaction of the organism to a stimulus involving the nervous system is called a reflex.

A reflex is an involuntary and rapid response to a stimulus that involves the nervous system. It is a protective mechanism that helps the body respond quickly to potential threats or changes in the environment. Reflexes are typically automatic and do not require conscious thought or decision-making.

When a stimulus is detected by sensory receptors, such as touch, pain, or temperature receptors, the information is transmitted to the spinal cord or brainstem through sensory neurons. In response, motor neurons are activated, leading to a rapid and coordinated muscle contraction or glandular secretion. This reflexive response occurs without conscious control and helps protect the body from harm or maintain homeostasis.

Examples of reflexes include the withdrawal reflex (pulling the hand away from a hot object), the knee-jerk reflex (kicking the leg when the knee is tapped), and the pupillary reflex (constriction of the pupils in response to bright light).

The correspondence between physiological systems and their functions is as follows:

1. Digestive system: Function - Digestion and absorption of nutrients from food. 2. Immune system: Function - Protection of the body against harmful pathogens and foreign substances. 3. Respiratory system: Function - Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment. 4. Excretory system: Function - Elimination of waste products and regulation of water and electrolyte balance.

These physiological systems perform essential functions in the human body, contributing to overall health and homeostasis.

Note: The information provided is based on general knowledge and may not cover all possible details or exceptions.