Question

Какие ткани организма человека в первую очередь повреждаются и разрушаются при лучевой болезни?Почему?

Answer 1

Здесь в первую очередь страдают кожные покровы - образуется ожог от I до IV степени, человек может сгореть полностью.

При менее интенсивном облучении первыми от радиации страдают клетки пищевода, желудка, кишечника, клетки красного костного мозга, а также половые клетки.

Answer 2

Tissues Affected by Radiation Sickness

Radiation sickness, also known as acute radiation syndrome (ARS), can cause damage to various tissues in the human body. The severity and extent of tissue damage depend on factors such as the dose of radiation, the duration of exposure, and the type of radiation. In general, the tissues that are most vulnerable to radiation damage are those that have a high rate of cell division and are highly sensitive to radiation. These tissues include:

1. Bone Marrow: The bone marrow is responsible for producing blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Radiation can damage the bone marrow, leading to a decrease in the production of these cells. This can result in anemia, increased susceptibility to infections, and bleeding disorders.

2. Gastrointestinal Tract: The gastrointestinal tract, particularly the lining of the intestines, is composed of rapidly dividing cells that are highly sensitive to radiation. Exposure to high doses of radiation can cause damage to the cells lining the gastrointestinal tract, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration.

3. Skin: The skin is the outermost protective layer of the body and is also susceptible to radiation damage. High doses of radiation can cause skin burns, inflammation, and damage to the skin's blood vessels. This can result in skin redness, blistering, and ulceration.

4. Reproductive Organs: The reproductive organs, including the ovaries in females and the testes in males, are also sensitive to radiation. Exposure to radiation can cause damage to the cells in these organs, leading to infertility or an increased risk of genetic abnormalities in offspring.

5. Lungs: The lungs can be affected by radiation if the radiation exposure occurs through inhalation. High doses of radiation can cause inflammation and damage to the lung tissue, leading to symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, and chest pain.

6. Thyroid: The thyroid gland, located in the neck, is responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism. It is particularly sensitive to radiation, especially in children. Exposure to radiation can lead to thyroid dysfunction and an increased risk of thyroid cancer.

Why are these tissues affected?

The vulnerability of these tissues to radiation damage can be attributed to their high rate of cell division and their reliance on rapidly dividing cells for their normal function. Radiation damages cells by causing DNA damage and disrupting cellular processes. Tissues with a high rate of cell division, such as the bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, and skin, are more susceptible to radiation damage because their cells are actively dividing and are therefore more likely to be affected by radiation-induced DNA damage.

Additionally, these tissues are often exposed to radiation during medical procedures such as radiation therapy for cancer treatment or during accidental exposure to high levels of radiation. The high sensitivity of these tissues to radiation makes them more prone to damage and destruction when exposed to high doses of radiation.

It is important to note that the severity of tissue damage and the symptoms experienced can vary depending on the dose of radiation and the duration of exposure. Lower doses of radiation may cause temporary or reversible damage, while higher doses can result in more severe and long-lasting effects.