Question

Перечислите структуры вспомогательного аппарата глаза и их функции

Answer 1

Органы зрения
Орган зрения у человека представлен двумя глазными яблоками (глазами) и вспомогательным аппаратом. К вспомогательному аппарату относятся веки, ресницы, брови, глазные мышцы и слезные железы.

Answer 2

Structures and Functions of the Auxiliary Apparatus of the Eye

The auxiliary apparatus of the eye consists of several structures, each with its own specific functions. Let's explore these structures and their functions in detail:

1. Eyebrows and Eyelashes: - Function: Eyebrows and eyelashes help protect the eyes from foreign objects, such as dust and sweat, and reduce the amount of light entering the eyes. - Source: 2. Eyelids: - Function: The eyelids protect the eyes by blinking to spread tears and prevent the eyes from drying out. They also help shield the eyes from bright light and foreign objects. - Source: 3. Conjunctiva: - Function: The conjunctiva is a thin, transparent membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and the outer surface of the eye. It helps lubricate the eye and protect it from microorganisms and foreign particles. - Source: 4. Lacrimal Apparatus: - Function: The lacrimal apparatus produces, distributes, and removes tears, which help keep the surface of the eye moist and protect it from irritants. - Source: 5. Extraocular Muscles: - Function: These muscles control the movement of the eyeball and allow the eyes to track moving objects and maintain proper alignment. - Source: 6. Orbit (Eye Socket): - Function: The orbit provides a protective bony cavity for the eyeball and its associated structures. - Source: [[10]](https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/home/eye-disorders/biology-of-the-eyes/structure-and-function-of-the-eyes)

7. Extrinsic Eye Muscles: - Function: These muscles control the movement of the eyeball and coordinate the precise movements required for clear vision and depth perception. - Source: [[10]](https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/home/eye-disorders/biology-of-the-eyes/structure-and-function-of-the-eyes)

8. Blood Vessels and Nerves: - Function: Blood vessels supply the eye with oxygen and nutrients, while nerves transmit visual information from the eye to the brain for processing. - Source: [[10]](https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/home/eye-disorders/biology-of-the-eyes/structure-and-function-of-the-eyes)

9. Ciliary Body and Iris: - Function: The ciliary body and iris play a crucial role in controlling the amount of light that enters the eye and in the process of accommodation for near and distant vision. - Source: [[10]](https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/home/eye-disorders/biology-of-the-eyes/structure-and-function-of-the-eyes)

10. Sclera and Cornea: - Function: The sclera provides structural support for the eye, while the cornea acts as the eye's outermost lens, refracting light and contributing to clear vision. - Source: [[10]](https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/home/eye-disorders/biology-of-the-eyes/structure-and-function-of-the-eyes)

11. Anterior and Posterior Chambers: - Function: These chambers contain and circulate the aqueous humor, a clear fluid that helps maintain the shape of the eye and nourish the cornea and lens. - Source: [[10]](https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/home/eye-disorders/biology-of-the-eyes/structure-and-function-of-the-eyes)

12. Lens and Vitreous Humor: - Function: The lens focuses light onto the retina, while the vitreous humor maintains the shape of the eye and helps transmit light to the retina. - Source: [[10]](https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/home/eye-disorders/biology-of-the-eyes/structure-and-function-of-the-eyes)

13. Retina and Optic Nerve: - Function: The retina contains photoreceptor cells that convert light into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve for visual processing. - Source: 14. Choroid and Sclera: - Function: The choroid provides blood supply to the retina, while the sclera maintains the structural integrity of the eye. - Source: [[10]](https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/home/eye-disorders/biology-of-the-eyes/structure-and-function-of-the-eyes)

15. Aqueous and Vitreous Humors: - Function: These fluids maintain the intraocular pressure, provide nutrients to the eye, and contribute to the optical properties of the eye. - Source: [[10]](https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/home/eye-disorders/biology-of-the-eyes/structure-and-function-of-the-eyes)

16. Optic Disc: - Function: The optic disc is the point of exit for ganglion cell axons, forming the optic nerve, and is the blind spot of the eye. - Source: [[10]](https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/home/eye-disorders/biology-of-the-eyes/structure-and-function-of-the-eyes)

17. Macula and Fovea: - Function: The macula and fovea are responsible for central, high-resolution vision and color perception. - Source: 18. Pupil: - Function: The pupil regulates the amount of light entering the eye by adjusting its size in response to varying light conditions. - Source: [[10]](https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/home/eye-disorders/biology-of-the-eyes/structure-and-function-of-the-eyes)

19. Anterior and Posterior Chambers: - Function: These chambers contain and circulate the aqueous humor, a clear fluid that helps maintain the shape of the eye and nourish the cornea and lens. - Source: [[10]](https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/home/eye-disorders/biology-of-the-eyes/structure-and-function-of-the-eyes)

20. Optic Nerve: - Function: The optic nerve transmits