Question

Це К.Р. пж Розкрий механізм регуляції травлення в організмі людини

Answer 1

Три основних механізми регуляції травлення це рефлекторний, місцевий та гуморальний. Всі дії, пов'язані з цими процесами контролює харчовий центр. Центр отримує сигнал голоду, та активує клітини кори, спрямовуючи дію людини на пошук їжі. При потраплянні продуктів до ротової порожнини по нервовим закінченням ідуть імпульси до м'язів кішківника та органів травлення, активуючи їх діяльність.  Так починається механічне просування, виділення ферментів для перетравлення їжі. В кишківнику заради механічному та хімічному подразненню іде всмоктування речовин. При досягнення  достатнього рівня поживних речовин в клітинах та крові, імпульси подразнюють центр насичення в головному мозку, таким чином припиняється акт харчування.

Answer 2

Mechanism of Digestion Regulation in the Human Body

The process of digestion in the human body is regulated by a complex mechanism involving various organs, hormones, and enzymes. The regulation of digestion ensures that the nutrients from the food we consume are properly broken down, absorbed, and utilized by the body. Here is a detailed explanation of the mechanism of digestion regulation in the human body:

1. Nervous System Regulation: The nervous system plays a crucial role in regulating digestion. The process begins with the sight, smell, and taste of food, which triggers the release of saliva and digestive enzymes in the mouth. This response is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, specifically the parasympathetic division. The parasympathetic nerves stimulate the secretion of saliva and activate the muscles in the digestive tract, promoting peristalsis, which is the rhythmic contraction of the muscles that helps move food along the digestive tract.

2. Hormonal Regulation: Hormones also play a significant role in regulating digestion. The major hormones involved in digestion regulation are:

- Gastrin: Gastrin is released by the stomach in response to the presence of food. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid and enzymes, which aid in the breakdown of food in the stomach. - Secretin: Secretin is released by the small intestine in response to the acidity of the chyme (partially digested food) entering the small intestine from the stomach. It stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate ions, which neutralize the acidity of the chyme. - Cholecystokinin (CCK): CCK is released by the small intestine in response to the presence of fats and proteins in the chyme. It stimulates the gallbladder to release bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats, and also stimulates the pancreas to release digestive enzymes. - Ghrelin: Ghrelin is released by the stomach when it is empty and stimulates hunger. - Leptin: Leptin is released by adipose tissue and helps regulate appetite by signaling satiety.

3. Enzymatic Regulation: Enzymes are essential for the breakdown of food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. The digestive enzymes are produced by various organs, including the salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, and small intestine. These enzymes break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into simpler forms that can be absorbed by the body. The release of these enzymes is regulated by the hormones mentioned above.

4. Feedback Mechanisms: The regulation of digestion also involves feedback mechanisms that help maintain the balance of digestive processes. For example, the presence of nutrients in the small intestine triggers the release of hormones that slow down the emptying of the stomach, allowing sufficient time for digestion and absorption. Once the nutrients are absorbed, the release of these hormones decreases, signaling the stomach to resume its normal activity.

In conclusion, the regulation of digestion in the human body involves a complex mechanism that includes the nervous system, hormones, enzymes, and feedback mechanisms. This ensures that the process of digestion is efficient and allows for the proper absorption and utilization of nutrients from the food we consume.

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