Question

Какую роль в жизни растений выполняет почвенное питание? Как оно осуществляется?

Answer 1

Ответ:Почвенное питание обеспечивает растение необходимыми минеральными веществами и водой. Они поступают через корневые волоски в зону проведения корня. ... Для улучшения плодородия почв применяются азотные (мочевина, селитра), фосфорные (суперфосфат), калийные (хлорид калия) минеральные и натуральные удобрения.

С помощью корней осуществляют так называемое почвенное питание. По-другому его называют корневым питанием. С помощью почвенного питания растения поглощают воду и растворенные в ней минеральные вещества. Поглощается всё это из почвы.

Answer 2

#### The Role of Soil Nutrition in the Life of Plants Soil nutrition plays a crucial role in the life of plants. It provides essential nutrients that are necessary for their growth, development, and overall health. Plants require a variety of nutrients, including macronutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) and micronutrients (such as iron, zinc, and manganese), to carry out their physiological processes. **Soil nutrition is responsible for the following functions in plants:** 1. **Nutrient Absorption**: Plants absorb nutrients from the soil through their root systems. The roots have specialized structures, such as root hairs, that increase the surface area for nutrient absorption. Nutrients dissolved in the soil water are taken up by the roots and transported to different parts of the plant. 2. **Energy Production**: Nutrients obtained from the soil are used by plants to produce energy through various metabolic processes. For example, nitrogen is a vital component of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Proteins are involved in numerous plant functions, including photosynthesis, enzyme production, and cell structure. 3. **Plant Growth and Development**: Soil nutrition directly affects plant growth and development. Macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are essential for cell division, cell elongation, and the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins. Micronutrients, although required in smaller quantities, are equally important for specific plant functions, such as enzyme activation and chlorophyll synthesis. 4. **Resistance to Stress**: Adequate soil nutrition helps plants withstand various environmental stresses, such as drought, disease, and pests. Nutrient deficiencies can weaken plants and make them more susceptible to these stressors. For example, a lack of potassium can lead to reduced water uptake and increased vulnerability to drought stress. #### How Soil Nutrition is Obtained by Plants Plants obtain soil nutrition through a process called **root uptake**. Here's a brief overview of how it works: 1. **Root System**: Plants have a complex network of roots that extend into the soil. The roots are responsible for anchoring the plant and absorbing water and nutrients. 2. **Root Hairs**: The surface of the roots is covered with tiny, finger-like projections called root hairs. These root hairs greatly increase the surface area of the roots, allowing for more efficient nutrient absorption. 3. **Nutrient Availability**: Nutrients in the soil exist in different forms, such as ions or organic compounds. The availability of these nutrients depends on factors like soil pH, temperature, and the presence of other substances. 4. **Active Transport**: Nutrients are taken up by the roots through a process called active transport. This process requires energy and involves the movement of nutrients against a concentration gradient. Plants use specialized transport proteins in the root cell membranes to facilitate the uptake of specific nutrients. 5. **Transport to the Shoot**: Once inside the root cells, the absorbed nutrients are transported to the above-ground parts of the plant, such as the stems, leaves, and flowers. This transport occurs through the plant's vascular system, which consists of xylem and phloem tissues. 6. **Utilization and Storage**: The absorbed nutrients are utilized by the plant for various metabolic processes, as mentioned earlier. Excess nutrients may also be stored in different plant tissues, such as roots, stems, or leaves, for future use. It's important to note that the availability of soil nutrients can vary depending on factors like soil type, organic matter content, and agricultural practices. Proper soil management, including fertilization and soil amendments, is essential to ensure an adequate supply of nutrients for plant growth and productivity. I hope this information helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.