Question

Клетки эукариотных организмов, в отличие от прокариотных, имеют 1) цитоплазму 2) ядро, покрытое оболочкой 3) молекулы ДНК 4) митохондрии 5) плотную оболочку 6) эндоплазматическую сеть

Answer 1

Ответ: 2. Это является крупным приобретением в процессе эволюции- появление выраженного ядра.

Answer 2

Structure of Eukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic cells, unlike prokaryotic cells, have several distinct features that contribute to their complexity and functionality. These features include:

1) Cytoplasm: The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles. It is responsible for supporting the organelles and facilitating various cellular processes.

2) Nucleus: The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material, DNA. It is surrounded by a nuclear envelope, which separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. The nucleus plays a crucial role in controlling cellular activities and is involved in processes such as DNA replication and gene expression.

3) DNA Molecules: Eukaryotic cells contain DNA molecules that are organized into chromosomes within the nucleus. These DNA molecules carry the genetic information necessary for the cell's functioning and inheritance.

4) Mitochondria: Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells. They are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they generate energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. Mitochondria have their own DNA and are believed to have originated from ancient symbiotic bacteria.

5) Endoplasmic Reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranous tubules and sacs that are involved in the synthesis, modification, and transport of proteins and lipids. There are two types of ER: rough ER, which is studded with ribosomes, and smooth ER, which lacks ribosomes.

6) Plasma Membrane: The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell and separates it from its external environment. It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell and plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.

It is important to note that these are just a few of the key features of eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes encompass a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, and protists, each with their own unique cellular structures and functions.

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