Question

СРОЧНОобъясните происхождение и общее значение термина опираясь на значение корней и его составляющих термин корень значение корней и терминарибонуклеиновая кислотадизоксирибонуклеиновая кислота редубликация

Answer 1

рибонуклеиновая кислота - химическое соединение, состоящее из азотистого основания, пятиатомного сахара - рибозы и остатка фосфорной кислоты. Каждое звено РНК называется нуклеотидом. Существуют три вида РНК, которые участвуют в процессе синтеза белка.
дизоксирибонуклеиновая кислота - химическое соединение, состояние из азотистого основания, пятиатомного сахара - дизоксирибозы и остатка фосфорной кислоты. ДНК также состоит их нуклеотидов. ДНК выступает в качестве матрицы для иРНК, служит для передачи и хранения наследственной информации.
редубликация - удвоение ДНК (у вирусов иногда РНК) с помощью ферментов. Приставка ре - возобновление или повторность действия, корень дубль означает удвоение.

Answer 2

The Origin and General Meaning of the Term "Рибонуклеиновая кислота" (Ribonucleic Acid) and "Дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота" (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

The terms "Рибонуклеиновая кислота" (Ribonucleic Acid) and "Дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота" (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) are scientific terms used to describe important molecules found in living organisms. Let's break down the terms and understand their meanings based on the roots and components.

Рибонуклеиновая кислота (Ribonucleic Acid)

- Рибо- (Ribo-): This prefix comes from the word "рибоза" (riboza), which refers to a sugar molecule called ribose. Ribose is an essential component of RNA. - Нуклеиновая (Nucleinovaya): This word is derived from the term "нуклеин" (nuclein), which refers to a substance found in the nuclei of cells. Nuclein is the precursor to nucleic acids, which include RNA and DNA. - Кислота (Kislota): This word translates to "acid" in English. In the context of "Рибонуклеиновая кислота" (Ribonucleic Acid), it refers to the acidic nature of RNA.

Therefore, "Рибонуклеиновая кислота" (Ribonucleic Acid) can be understood as an acid that contains ribose and is derived from nuclein.

Дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

- Дезокси- (Deoxy-): This prefix comes from the word "дезоксирибоза" (deoksiriboza), which refers to a sugar molecule called deoxyribose. Deoxyribose is an essential component of DNA. - Нуклеиновая (Nucleinovaya): Same as in "Рибонуклеиновая кислота" (Ribonucleic Acid), this word refers to nuclein, the substance found in the nuclei of cells. - Кислота (Kislota): Same as in "Рибонуклеиновая кислота" (Ribonucleic Acid), this word refers to the acidic nature of DNA.

Therefore, "Дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота" (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) can be understood as an acid that contains deoxyribose and is derived from nuclein.

General Meaning and Significance

Both RNA and DNA are nucleic acids that play crucial roles in the storage and transmission of genetic information in living organisms. They are involved in processes such as protein synthesis and the inheritance of traits.

- Рибонуклеиновая кислота (Ribonucleic Acid): RNA is involved in various cellular processes, including the synthesis of proteins based on the instructions encoded in DNA. It acts as a messenger between DNA and the protein synthesis machinery in cells. - Дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): DNA carries the genetic instructions that determine the characteristics and functions of living organisms. It is responsible for the inheritance of traits from one generation to the next.

Both RNA and DNA are composed of nucleotides, which are made up of a sugar molecule (ribose or deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The sequence of these nucleotides forms the genetic code that determines the characteristics of an organism.

In summary, the terms "Рибонуклеиновая кислота" (Ribonucleic Acid) and "Дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота" (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) refer to important molecules involved in genetic information storage and transmission in living organisms. RNA acts as a messenger between DNA and protein synthesis machinery, while DNA carries the genetic instructions that determine an organism's characteristics.