Question

What organic molecules have the function of starting and regulation chemical reaction

Answer 1

I guess it's proteins-enzymes

Answer 2

Organic molecules that play a role in starting and regulating chemical reactions are generally referred to as catalysts. Catalysts are substances that accelerate chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. In biological systems, enzymes are a specific class of catalysts that play a crucial role in regulating biochemical reactions. Enzymes are protein molecules that catalyze specific reactions, allowing them to occur at a faster rate and under physiological conditions.

Enzymes are not the only types of catalysts found in organic chemistry. There are also other types of organic molecules that can act as catalysts, such as certain organic compounds containing functional groups like acids, bases, and transition metal complexes. Here are a few examples:

1. Enzymes: Enzymes are biological catalysts that are highly specific for their substrates. They play a crucial role in various metabolic pathways and cellular processes. Examples include amylase, which breaks down starch, and DNA polymerase, which aids in DNA replication.

2. Acid Catalysts: Organic acids like sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and organic sulfonic acids can catalyze reactions by donating protons (H+) to reactants, which helps in facilitating bond-breaking and formation.

3. Base Catalysts: Organic bases like amines can catalyze reactions by accepting protons (H+) from reactants, again aiding in bond-breaking and formation.

4. Transition Metal Complexes: Certain organic molecules containing transition metal ions can serve as catalysts in various reactions. These catalysts often involve the transition metal undergoing redox reactions and facilitating the reaction through coordination with reactants.

5. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts: These catalysts can be organic or inorganic compounds and are differentiated by whether they are present in the same phase as the reactants (homogeneous) or a different phase (heterogeneous). Both types can initiate and regulate chemical reactions.

It's important to note that the study of catalysts and catalysis is a complex field in both organic and inorganic chemistry. The specific catalyst used depends on the nature of the reaction, the reaction conditions, and the desired outcome. Additionally, catalysts do not undergo permanent changes during a reaction and are not consumed in the process, allowing them to be used repeatedly.