Question

Функції органели-----​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Органели - це структури всередині клітини, які виконують певні функції, такі як контроль росту клітин та вироблення енергії. Рослинні та тваринні клітини можуть містити подібні типи органел.

Answer 2

Functions of Organelles

Organelles are specialized structures within cells that perform specific functions. Each organelle has a unique role in maintaining the overall function and health of the cell. Here are some of the key organelles and their functions:

1. Nucleus: - The nucleus is often referred to as the control center of the cell. - It contains the cell's genetic material, DNA, which carries the instructions for cell growth, development, and reproduction. - The nucleus regulates gene expression and controls the synthesis of proteins. - It is surrounded by a nuclear membrane that protects the DNA.

2. Mitochondria: - Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell. - They generate energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through a process called cellular respiration. - Mitochondria have their own DNA and can replicate independently within the cell. - They play a crucial role in metabolism and provide energy for various cellular activities.

3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): - The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes that extends throughout the cell. - It is involved in the synthesis, folding, and transport of proteins and lipids. - There are two types of ER: rough ER, which is studded with ribosomes and involved in protein synthesis, and smooth ER, which is involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification.

4. Golgi Apparatus: - The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport within the cell or secretion outside the cell. - It consists of a series of flattened membranous sacs called cisternae. - The Golgi apparatus also plays a role in the synthesis of certain carbohydrates.

5. Lysosomes: - Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes. - They break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances that enter the cell. - Lysosomes are involved in the process of autophagy, where they recycle damaged organelles and proteins.

6. Vacuoles: - Vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs found in plant and fungal cells. - They store water, nutrients, and waste materials. - Vacuoles help maintain turgor pressure in plant cells, which is important for cell structure and support.

7. Chloroplasts: - Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis. - They contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures sunlight and converts it into chemical energy. - Chloroplasts also produce glucose and oxygen as byproducts of photosynthesis.

8. Cell Membrane: - The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is a selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell. - It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. - The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins and other molecules.

These are just a few examples of organelles and their functions within a cell. Each organelle contributes to the overall functioning and survival of the cell.