Question

Докажите,что гликолиз-наиболее древний способ расщепления глюкозы​

Answer 1

Процесс гликолиза протекает внутри цитозоля, для протекания этой реакции не требуется присутствие кислорода и для протекания гликолиза не требуется мембран внутри живой клетки. Гликолиз присутствует во всех живых организмах. Всё это свидетельствует о древности процесса гликолиза, так как древние организмы были примитивны, кислорода тогда не существовало в свободном виде и от них произошли все более сложные организмы. Наиболее древние организмы обнаруживаются в слоях возрастом три с половиной миллиарда лет, а кислород и как его причина появления фотосинтез массово начал появляться два с половиной миллиарда лет назад.

Answer 2

The Ancient Origins of Glycolysis

Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH in the process. It is considered one of the most ancient and fundamental metabolic pathways in living organisms. While it is challenging to definitively prove the antiquity of glycolysis, there is evidence to suggest its ancient origins.

1. Evolutionary Conservation: Glycolysis is highly conserved across diverse organisms, from bacteria to humans. This conservation implies that the pathway has been essential for survival and has remained relatively unchanged throughout evolution. 2. Ubiquitous Presence: Glycolysis is found in virtually all living organisms, including bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. This widespread occurrence suggests that glycolysis predates the divergence of these major groups of organisms. 3. Simplicity and Efficiency: Glycolysis is a relatively simple metabolic pathway that can occur in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic conditions). It provides a rapid means of generating ATP, which is crucial for cellular energy production. The simplicity and efficiency of glycolysis make it an ideal metabolic pathway for early life forms. 4. Fossil Evidence: While direct fossil evidence is scarce, some researchers have proposed that certain ancient microorganisms, such as the acetogenic bacteria, may have relied on glycolysis as a primary metabolic pathway. These bacteria are thought to have existed billions of years ago and are considered to be among the earliest forms of life on Earth. 5. Comparative Genomics: Comparative genomics studies have revealed that many of the enzymes involved in glycolysis are highly conserved across different organisms. This conservation suggests that the genes encoding these enzymes have been passed down through generations, further supporting the ancient origins of glycolysis. In conclusion, while it is challenging to provide definitive proof, the conservation of glycolysis across diverse organisms, its ubiquitous presence, its simplicity and efficiency, as well as the proposed involvement of ancient microorganisms, all suggest that glycolysis is indeed one of the most ancient pathways for glucose metabolism.

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