Question

5*. Які фактори, згідно із законом Лiбiха, будуть найбільш значущими для органiзмiв, які живуть: а) в Азов ському морi; б) у пустелі Сахара; в) у Гренландії.

Answer 1

Яки фактори, згідно із законом Лібіха, будуть найбільш значущими для організмів, які живуть:

а) в Азовському морі

Answer 2

Factors affecting organisms in the Azov Sea:

The Azov Sea is a shallow sea located in Eastern Europe, bordered by Ukraine and Russia. It is connected to the Black Sea through the Kerch Strait. Several factors can significantly impact the organisms living in the Azov Sea:

1. Salinity: The Azov Sea has a relatively low salinity compared to the open ocean. This is due to the inflow of freshwater from rivers, such as the Don and Kuban rivers. The salinity levels can vary depending on the season and rainfall. Organisms in the Azov Sea have adapted to survive in this lower salinity environment [[1]].

2. Temperature: The Azov Sea experiences significant seasonal temperature variations. During the summer, the surface waters can reach temperatures of around 25-28°C, while in winter, the surface can freeze over. These temperature fluctuations can affect the distribution and behavior of organisms in the sea [[2]].

3. Nutrient availability: The Azov Sea receives nutrient inputs from rivers and human activities, such as agriculture and industry. These nutrients can promote the growth of phytoplankton, which forms the base of the marine food web. Changes in nutrient availability can impact the abundance and composition of organisms in the Azov Sea [[3]].

4. Pollution: Human activities, including industrial discharge and agricultural runoff, can introduce pollutants into the Azov Sea. These pollutants can have detrimental effects on marine organisms, affecting their health, reproduction, and overall ecosystem dynamics [[4]].

Factors affecting organisms in the Sahara Desert:

The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world, covering much of North Africa. The extreme aridity and high temperatures in the Sahara Desert present unique challenges for organisms living in this environment:

1. Water availability: Water scarcity is a significant factor affecting organisms in the Sahara Desert. The lack of rainfall and limited water sources make it difficult for organisms to survive. However, some organisms have adapted to the desert environment by conserving water or having specialized physiological adaptations [[5]].

2. Temperature: The Sahara Desert experiences extreme temperatures, with daytime temperatures often exceeding 40°C (104°F). Organisms in the desert have evolved various strategies to cope with these high temperatures, such as burrowing underground or being active during cooler periods, such as at night [[6]].

3. Food availability: The scarcity of vegetation in the Sahara Desert limits the availability of food for organisms. Many desert organisms have adapted to survive on limited food resources or have specialized feeding strategies, such as being herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores [[7]].

4. Adaptations: Organisms in the Sahara Desert have developed unique adaptations to survive in this harsh environment. These adaptations can include physiological, anatomical, and behavioral characteristics that help them conserve water, tolerate high temperatures, and find food [[8]].

Factors affecting organisms in Greenland:

Greenland is the world's largest island, located in the Arctic region. The extreme cold and icy conditions in Greenland present specific challenges for organisms living in this environment:

1. Temperature: Greenland experiences extremely cold temperatures, with average winter temperatures well below freezing. These low temperatures can limit the diversity and abundance of organisms in the region. However, some organisms, such as Arctic animals and cold-adapted plants, have evolved specialized adaptations to survive in these frigid conditions [[9]].

2. Ice cover: Greenland is known for its vast ice sheet, which covers about 80% of the island. The ice cover can limit the availability of suitable habitats for organisms. However, certain organisms, such as polar bears and seals, have adapted to live on or near the ice and rely on it for their survival [[10]].

3. Food availability: The Arctic waters surrounding Greenland are rich in nutrients and support a diverse marine ecosystem. Many organisms in Greenland, including fish, seabirds, and marine mammals, depend on these food resources for their survival. Changes in sea ice conditions and ocean temperatures can impact the availability and distribution of food for these organisms [[11]].

4. Climate change: Greenland is experiencing the effects of climate change, with rising temperatures leading to the melting of the ice sheet and changes in the Arctic ecosystem. These changes can have significant impacts on the organisms living in Greenland, affecting their habitats, food sources, and overall survival [[12]].

In conclusion, the factors affecting organisms in the Azov Sea, Sahara Desert, and Greenland vary significantly due to the distinct environmental conditions in each location. Salinity, temperature, nutrient availability, and pollution are important factors in the Azov Sea. Water availability, temperature, food availability, and adaptations to arid conditions are crucial for organisms in the Sahara Desert. Temperature, ice cover, food availability, and climate change are significant factors influencing organisms in Greenland.

[[1]] Source: [Wikipedia - Azov Sea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_of_Azov) [[2]] Source: [Encyclopedia Britannica - Azov Sea](https://www.britannica.com/place/Sea-of-Azov) [[3]] Source: [ScienceDirect - Azov Sea](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352485517300147) [[4]] Source: [UNEP - Azov Sea](https://www.unep.org/ru/node/106) [[5]] Source: [National Geographic - Sahara Desert](https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/sahara-desert/) [[6]] Source: [World Wildlife Fund - Sahara Desert](https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/pa1327) [[7]] Source: [ThoughtCo - Sahara Desert](https://www.thoughtco.com/sahara-desert-facts-1435273) [[8]] Source: [BBC Bitesize - Sahara Desert](https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zx3wqty/revision/1) [[9]] Source: [National Geographic - Greenland](https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/greenland/) [[10]] Source: [Greenland.com - Greenland](https://www.greenland.com/about-greenland/nature-climate/) [[11]] Source: [World Wildlife Fund - Greenland](https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/na0516) [[12]] Source: [NASA - Greenland](https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2915/greenland-ice-loss-2021/)