Question

что препятствует пересадке органов? почему при переливании крови следует учитывать группы крови донора и больного?​

Answer 1

Ответ:

При переливании крови кровь может отвергнуть иную группу крови.

Если человеку перельют не ту группу, то у него в крови появятся сгустки не дающие крови проходить по организму и человек умирает.

(жалко)

Answer 2

What factors hinder organ transplantation?

Organ transplantation is a complex medical procedure that involves the transfer of organs or tissues from one person (the donor) to another (the recipient). While organ transplantation can be life-saving, there are several factors that can hinder the success of the procedure. Some of these factors include:

1. Compatibility: One of the primary factors that can hinder organ transplantation is the compatibility between the donor and the recipient. For a successful transplant, the donor organ must be a close match to the recipient's immune system to minimize the risk of rejection. The immune system of the recipient can identify the transplanted organ as foreign and mount an immune response against it, leading to organ rejection.

2. Organ availability: The availability of suitable organs for transplantation is a significant challenge. There is a shortage of organs compared to the number of patients in need of transplantation. This shortage often leads to long waiting lists and delays in receiving a transplant. The limited availability of organs is due to various factors, including a lack of organ donors, strict criteria for organ suitability, and the need for organs to be harvested and transplanted within a specific timeframe.

3. Medical conditions and comorbidities: The presence of certain medical conditions and comorbidities in the recipient can hinder organ transplantation. These conditions may increase the risk of complications during and after the transplant procedure. Some examples include severe infections, uncontrolled diabetes, active cancer, and advanced organ failure in multiple organs.

4. Surgical complications: Organ transplantation is a complex surgical procedure that carries inherent risks. Surgical complications, such as bleeding, infection, blood vessel or bile duct complications, and problems with wound healing, can hinder the success of the transplant. These complications may require additional surgeries or interventions to address.

5. Immunosuppression and side effects: After organ transplantation, recipients require lifelong immunosuppressive medications to prevent organ rejection. However, these medications can have significant side effects, including an increased risk of infections, kidney damage, high blood pressure, and metabolic disorders. Managing these side effects can be challenging and may hinder the overall success of the transplant.

It is important to note that the success of organ transplantation depends on various factors, including the expertise of the medical team, the overall health of the recipient, and the post-transplant care provided.

Why is it important to consider blood types of the donor and recipient during blood transfusion?

During blood transfusion, it is crucial to consider the blood types of both the donor and the recipient to ensure compatibility and prevent adverse reactions. The blood type system is based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells. The two most important antigens are A and B, which give rise to the four main blood types: A, B, AB, and O.

Here's why it is important to consider blood types:

1. Compatibility: Blood transfusion must be done with compatible blood types to avoid adverse reactions. If incompatible blood types are mixed, the recipient's immune system can recognize the transfused blood as foreign and mount an immune response against it. This immune response can lead to a potentially life-threatening reaction called a transfusion reaction.

2. Antibodies: In addition to the A and B antigens, individuals may also have antibodies against the antigens they lack. For example, people with blood type A have antibodies against type B antigens, and those with blood type B have antibodies against type A antigens. If incompatible blood types are transfused, these antibodies can cause the red blood cells to clump together (agglutination) and lead to a transfusion reaction.

3. ABO compatibility: The ABO blood group system is the most important factor to consider during blood transfusion. In general, individuals with blood type O are considered universal donors because their red blood cells do not have A or B antigens. However, they can only receive blood from other type O donors. On the other hand, individuals with blood type AB are considered universal recipients because their red blood cells have both A and B antigens. They can receive blood from any blood type (A, B, AB, or O) without experiencing a transfusion reaction.

4. Rh factor: In addition to the ABO blood types, the Rh factor (positive or negative) is also considered during blood transfusion. Rh-positive blood can be given to Rh-positive or Rh-negative individuals, but Rh-negative blood should only be given to Rh-negative individuals to prevent Rh sensitization.

In summary, considering the blood types of the donor and recipient is crucial during blood transfusion to ensure compatibility and prevent adverse reactions. This practice helps to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the transfusion procedure.