Question

Процеси травлення у тонкому кишечнику​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Перший відділ тонкої кишки — дванадцятипала кишка, де відбувається змішування їжі із жовчю, яка забезпечує емульгування жирів, ферментами підшлункової залози і тонкої кишки розщеплюють вуглеводи (мальтоза, лактоза, сахароза), білки (трипсин і хімотрипсин).

Answer 2

Processes of Digestion in the Small Intestine

The small intestine plays a crucial role in the process of digestion and absorption of nutrients. It is the longest part of the digestive system, measuring about 6 meters in length. Let's explore the processes of digestion that occur in the small intestine.

1. Mechanical Digestion: - The process of mechanical digestion in the small intestine involves the mixing and churning of food with digestive enzymes and fluids. This helps break down the food into smaller particles, increasing the surface area for better absorption. - Peristalsis, a series of coordinated muscle contractions, propels the food through the small intestine, aiding in the mechanical digestion process.

2. Chemical Digestion: - Chemical digestion in the small intestine is facilitated by various enzymes and digestive juices. - Pancreatic Enzymes: The pancreas secretes enzymes such as pancreatic amylase, lipase, and proteases. These enzymes break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, respectively, into simpler molecules that can be absorbed. - Bile: Bile, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, is released into the small intestine. Bile helps in the emulsification and breakdown of fats into smaller droplets, increasing their surface area for better digestion by lipase. - Intestinal Enzymes: The cells lining the small intestine produce enzymes such as maltase, sucrase, lactase, and peptidases. These enzymes further break down complex carbohydrates, disaccharides, and proteins into their respective monomers (glucose, fructose, galactose, and amino acids) for absorption.

3. Absorption: - The small intestine is primarily responsible for the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. - The inner lining of the small intestine is covered in finger-like projections called villi, which further have microvilli. These structures greatly increase the surface area available for absorption. - Nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals are absorbed through the villi into the bloodstream. - The absorbed nutrients are then transported to the liver via the hepatic portal vein, where they undergo further processing and distribution to the rest of the body.

4. Regulation: - The small intestine is regulated by various hormones and neural signals that control the release of digestive enzymes and the movement of food. - Hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin are released in response to the presence of food in the small intestine. They stimulate the release of pancreatic enzymes and bile, respectively, to aid in digestion. - Neural signals from the enteric nervous system also play a role in regulating the movement and secretion in the small intestine.

In summary, the small intestine carries out mechanical and chemical digestion, absorbs nutrients, and is regulated by hormones and neural signals to ensure efficient digestion and absorption of nutrients.