Question

Сравнительная характеристика споровых и семенных растений​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Семенные

Независимость полового процесса и оплодотворения от капельно-жидкой воды

Значительная редукция гаметофита и подавляющее господство спорофита в жизненном цикле

Образование многоклеточных семян с запасом питательных веществ

Развитие женских половых клеток в особых образованиях – семязачатках .

Споровые

Образование спор

Тесная взаимосвязь полового процесса и оплодотворения с капельно-жидкой водой

В жизненном цикле может преобладать как гаметофит, так и спорофит.

Объяснение:

Answer 2

Comparative Characteristics of Spore-Bearing and Seed-Bearing Plants

Spore-bearing and seed-bearing plants are two major groups of plants that differ in their reproductive strategies. Let's compare these two types of plants in terms of their characteristics:

1. Reproductive Structures: - Spore-bearing plants, also known as non-vascular plants or bryophytes, reproduce through spores. They lack true roots, stems, and leaves. Examples include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. - Seed-bearing plants, also known as vascular plants or tracheophytes, reproduce through seeds. They have well-developed roots, stems, and leaves. Examples include flowering plants (angiosperms) and cone-bearing plants (gymnosperms).

2. Reproductive Mechanism: - Spore-bearing plants produce spores as a means of reproduction. Spores are single-celled structures that can develop into new individuals under favorable conditions. Spores are usually dispersed by wind or water. - Seed-bearing plants produce seeds as a means of reproduction. Seeds are multicellular structures that contain an embryo, stored nutrients, and a protective seed coat. Seeds have a higher chance of survival and can be dispersed by various means, including wind, animals, or water.

3. Life Cycle: - Spore-bearing plants have a dominant gametophyte generation. The gametophyte produces gametes (eggs and sperm) that fuse to form a zygote. The zygote develops into a sporophyte, which produces spores through meiosis. The spores then develop into new gametophytes, completing the life cycle. - Seed-bearing plants have a dominant sporophyte generation. The sporophyte produces gametes through specialized structures called flowers or cones. Fertilization occurs, resulting in the formation of seeds. The seeds can then germinate and develop into new sporophytes, completing the life cycle.

4. Adaptations: - Spore-bearing plants have adaptations to survive in moist environments since they require water for the movement of sperm to reach the egg. They often grow in damp habitats and have structures like rhizoids for anchorage and absorption of water. - Seed-bearing plants have adaptations that allow them to thrive in diverse environments. They have well-developed vascular tissues for efficient transport of water, nutrients, and sugars. They also have specialized structures like flowers or cones for pollination and seed dispersal.

5. Diversity and Importance: - Spore-bearing plants, although less diverse compared to seed-bearing plants, play important ecological roles. They help in soil formation, provide habitats for other organisms, and contribute to the overall biodiversity of ecosystems. - Seed-bearing plants are the most diverse group of plants on Earth and have significant ecological and economic importance. They provide food, medicine, shelter, and oxygen. They also play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems and supporting human livelihoods.

In summary, spore-bearing plants reproduce through spores, have a dominant gametophyte generation, and are adapted to moist environments. Seed-bearing plants reproduce through seeds, have a dominant sporophyte generation, and have adaptations that allow them to thrive in diverse environments. Seed-bearing plants are more diverse and have greater ecological and economic importance compared to spore-bearing plants.