Question

Будова та функції сечо видільної системи ?​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Система сечовиділення складається з нирок, в яких утворюється сеча та з сечовивідних шляхів. Сечовивідна система забезпечує виведення з організму азотистих шлаків, рідини, регулювання АТ, об'єму циркулюючої крові, підтримання кислотно-лужної рівноваги і електролітного балансу в організмі.

Answer 2

Structure and Functions of the Urinary System

The urinary system, also known as the excretory system, is responsible for the production, storage, and elimination of urine. It consists of several organs, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Each of these organs plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's fluid balance and eliminating waste products.

1. Kidneys: The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. They are responsible for filtering waste products, excess water, and other substances from the blood to produce urine. The kidneys also help regulate the body's electrolyte balance, blood pressure, and acid-base balance.

2. Ureters: The ureters are long, muscular tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder. They transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder through peristaltic contractions. The ureters prevent urine from flowing back into the kidneys by using one-way valves.

3. Bladder: The bladder is a hollow, muscular organ located in the pelvis. It serves as a storage reservoir for urine. The bladder can expand and contract to accommodate varying amounts of urine. When the bladder is full, it sends signals to the brain, triggering the urge to urinate.

4. Urethra: The urethra is a tube that connects the bladder to the external opening of the body. It allows urine to pass out of the body during urination. In males, the urethra also serves as a passage for semen during ejaculation.

Functions of the Urinary System: The urinary system performs several important functions in the body:

1. Filtration and Waste Removal: The kidneys filter waste products, excess water, and other substances from the blood to produce urine. This process helps remove metabolic waste, such as urea and creatinine, as well as toxins and drugs from the body.

2. Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: The kidneys help regulate the body's fluid balance by adjusting the amount of water and electrolytes excreted in the urine. They can conserve water when the body is dehydrated or eliminate excess water when the body is overhydrated.

3. Acid-Base Balance: The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining the body's acid-base balance. They regulate the levels of bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions in the blood, helping to keep the pH within a normal range.

4. Blood Pressure Regulation: The kidneys produce a hormone called renin, which helps regulate blood pressure. Renin acts on the blood vessels to constrict them, increasing blood pressure. It also stimulates the release of aldosterone, a hormone that promotes sodium and water reabsorption, further increasing blood pressure.

5. Production of Erythropoietin: The kidneys produce erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. This hormone helps maintain adequate oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood.

6. Vitamin D Activation: The kidneys play a role in the activation of vitamin D. They convert inactive vitamin D into its active form, which is necessary for the absorption of calcium and phosphate from the intestines.

In summary, the urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It is responsible for filtering waste products, regulating fluid and electrolyte balance, maintaining acid-base balance, regulating blood pressure, producing erythropoietin, and activating vitamin D.