Question

Дыхательные движения осуществляют межреберные мышцы и диафрагма.. (a) Определите роль предложеных структур в дыхательных движенияхДыхание: межреберные мышцы ____________________ ребра _____________________диафрагма ____________________ легкие ____________________объем грудной клетки ____________________давления ________________​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Дыхание:

межреберные мышцы:сокращение, расширение при дыхании.

ребра:защита дыхательных органов от повреждений.

диафрагма:разделение грудной и брюшной полости, расширение лёгких.

лёгкие:циркуляция кислорода.

объем грудной клетки:место для сокращения и расширения лёгких

давление:помощ передвижения кислорода по телу

Answer 2

Role of Intercostal Muscles and Diaphragm in Breathing

The role of the suggested structures in breathing is as follows:

Intercostal Muscles: The intercostal muscles play a crucial role in breathing by aiding in the expansion and contraction of the rib cage. During inhalation, the external intercostal muscles contract, lifting the rib cage and expanding the chest cavity. This expansion creates a negative pressure in the lungs, allowing air to be drawn in. During exhalation, the internal intercostal muscles may assist in the process by pulling the rib cage downward, aiding in the expulsion of air from the lungs [[1]].

Ribs: The ribs are directly influenced by the intercostal muscles. When the intercostal muscles contract, they lift the ribs, expanding the chest cavity and allowing for inhalation. Conversely, during exhalation, the relaxation of these muscles allows the ribs to return to their resting position, aiding in the expulsion of air from the lungs [[2]].

Diaphragm: The diaphragm is the primary muscle involved in breathing. When it contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating a vacuum that draws air into the lungs during inhalation. As the diaphragm relaxes, it moves upward, decreasing the thoracic cavity volume and aiding in exhalation by pushing air out of the lungs [[3]].

Lungs: The lungs are the primary organs of respiration. They are directly affected by the expansion and contraction of the chest cavity, which is facilitated by the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm. During inhalation, the expansion of the chest cavity allows the lungs to expand and fill with air. During exhalation, the relaxation of the chest cavity aids in expelling air from the lungs [[4]].

Chest Cavity Volume: The intercostal muscles and diaphragm play a crucial role in altering the volume of the chest cavity. During inhalation, these muscles contract to increase the volume of the chest cavity, allowing for the intake of air. During exhalation, the relaxation of these muscles decreases the volume of the chest cavity, aiding in the expulsion of air from the lungs [[5]].

Pressure: The actions of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm directly influence the pressure within the chest cavity. During inhalation, the expansion of the chest cavity lowers the pressure, allowing air to rush into the lungs. Conversely, during exhalation, the reduction in chest cavity volume increases the pressure, aiding in the expulsion of air from the lungs [[6]].

In summary, the intercostal muscles and diaphragm play essential roles in the mechanics of breathing, influencing the expansion and contraction of the chest cavity, the movement of the ribs, and the pressure changes necessary for inhalation and exhalation.