Question

З чого складається проміжний мозок? Як розташований довгастий мозок?Які шляхи проходять через міст? Які нервові центри містяться у середньому мозку? Опишить розташування сірої та білої речовини. Як вони розміщені?​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Объяснение:

1Проміжний мозок складається з нейронів

2на з'єднані між головним мозком і спиним

3Нейроні шляхи

4 текум, сіра рідина, червоне ядро ,чорна рідина мозковий водопровід

5сіра частина розміщена зовні ближче до черепа а біла в середині

Answer 2

Structure of the Midbrain:

The midbrain, also known as the mesencephalon, is a small region of the brain located between the forebrain and hindbrain. It is composed of several structures, including the tectum, tegmentum, and cerebral peduncles.

The tectum is the dorsal part of the midbrain and consists of two pairs of rounded structures called the superior colliculi and inferior colliculi. The superior colliculi are involved in visual processing and eye movements, while the inferior colliculi are responsible for auditory processing.

The tegmentum is the ventral part of the midbrain and contains various nuclei and fiber tracts. It plays a role in motor control, sensory processing, and the regulation of arousal and consciousness.

The cerebral peduncles are two large bundles of nerve fibers that connect the midbrain to the rest of the brain. They contain both ascending and descending fibers, which transmit sensory and motor information between the brainstem and higher brain regions.

Structure and Pathways of the Medulla Oblongata:

The medulla oblongata, also known as the medulla, is the most caudal part of the brainstem. It is located between the pons and the spinal cord. The medulla contains various vital centers that regulate essential functions such as respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure.

The medulla is organized into white matter and gray matter. The white matter consists of myelinated nerve fibers that transmit information to and from the brain. The gray matter contains cell bodies and is involved in processing and integrating sensory and motor information.

Several important pathways pass through the medulla. The corticospinal tracts, also known as the pyramidal tracts, originate in the cerebral cortex and descend through the medulla before reaching the spinal cord. These tracts are responsible for voluntary motor control.

Other pathways that pass through the medulla include the spinothalamic tracts, which transmit sensory information from the body to the thalamus, and the cranial nerve nuclei, which control various functions such as swallowing, facial movements, and tongue movements.

Nuclei in the Midbrain:

The midbrain contains several important nuclei that play a role in various functions. Some of these nuclei include:

1. Red nucleus: The red nucleus is involved in motor coordination and is responsible for controlling limb movements.

2. Substantia nigra: The substantia nigra is involved in the production of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that plays a role in movement control. Dysfunction of the substantia nigra is associated with Parkinson's disease.

3. Periaqueductal gray: The periaqueductal gray is involved in pain modulation and the regulation of defensive behaviors.

4. Edinger-Westphal nucleus: The Edinger-Westphal nucleus controls the constriction of the pupil and accommodation of the lens in response to light.

Gray and White Matter in the Midbrain and Medulla:

In the midbrain and medulla, both gray and white matter are present.

In the midbrain, the gray matter is located in the tectum and tegmentum regions. The tectum contains the superior and inferior colliculi, while the tegmentum contains various nuclei involved in motor control, sensory processing, and arousal.

The white matter in the midbrain consists of myelinated nerve fibers that transmit information to and from different regions of the brain.

In the medulla, the gray matter is located centrally, forming a butterfly-shaped structure called the gray matter core. The white matter surrounds the gray matter core.

The gray matter in the medulla contains various nuclei, including the cranial nerve nuclei and the vital centers responsible for regulating essential functions.

The white matter in the medulla consists of ascending and descending fiber tracts that transmit sensory and motor information to and from the brain.

Note: The information provided above is based on search results and should be verified with additional sources.