Question

Нарушения почек перечислите

Answer 1

Ответ:

Сильное переохлаждение, резкое чередование температурного режима

Новообразования опухолевого вида

Чрезмерное употребление алкогольных напитков любой крепости

Неправильно составленный ежедневный рацион – образование кальциевых камней

Злоупотребление определенными лекарственными средствами

Присутствие инфекционных очагов в организме

Снижение функции фильтрации за счет резкой потери в весе

Постоянная усталость, отсутствие должного отдыха ведет к снижению работы защитного механизма, возникает высокая вероятность развития воспаления в почках

Сопутствующие онкологические заболевания

Чрезмерно наполненный мочевой пузырь

Нарушения в работе ЖКТ – запоры

Присутствие в организме инфекций с выделением гноя

Answer 2

Common Kidney Disorders

The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood, maintaining electrolyte balance, and producing hormones that regulate blood pressure and red blood cell production. There are several disorders that can affect the kidneys. Here are some common kidney disorders:

1. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): CKD is a long-term condition where the kidneys gradually lose their function over time. It is often caused by conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain autoimmune diseases. CKD can progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), where the kidneys are no longer able to function properly and require dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.

2. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): AKI is a sudden and temporary loss of kidney function. It can be caused by various factors, including severe infections, dehydration, kidney damage due to medications or toxins, and reduced blood flow to the kidneys. Prompt medical intervention is necessary to prevent further damage and restore kidney function.

3. Kidney Stones: Kidney stones are hard deposits of minerals and salts that form in the kidneys. They can cause severe pain when they pass through the urinary tract. Kidney stones can be caused by factors such as dehydration, certain medical conditions, and dietary factors. Treatment options include pain management, increased fluid intake, and in some cases, surgical removal.

4. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): UTIs are infections that occur in any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys. They are usually caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract. Symptoms of a UTI can include frequent urination, pain or burning during urination, cloudy or bloody urine, and lower abdominal pain. UTIs are typically treated with antibiotics.

5. Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): PKD is an inherited disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys. These cysts can gradually enlarge and interfere with kidney function. PKD can lead to complications such as high blood pressure, kidney stones, and kidney failure. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications.

6. Glomerulonephritis: Glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the glomeruli, which are the tiny filters in the kidneys. It can be caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, and certain medications. Glomerulonephritis can lead to kidney damage and impaired kidney function. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include medications to reduce inflammation and control blood pressure.

7. Nephrotic Syndrome: Nephrotic syndrome is a condition characterized by the presence of excessive protein in the urine, low levels of protein in the blood, high cholesterol levels, and swelling in various parts of the body. It can be caused by various kidney diseases, including glomerulonephritis and diabetes. Treatment aims to reduce proteinuria, control blood pressure, and manage underlying conditions.

Please note that this is not an exhaustive list of kidney disorders, and there are other conditions that can affect the kidneys. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.