Question

Прошу вас помогите! Биология 7 класс, составить конспект. Органы дыхания и газообмен.

Answer 1

Ответ:

Органы дыхания состоят из воздухоносных путей — по­следовательно соединенных между собой полостей и тру­бок, по которым воздух поступает в главный орган этой системы — в легкие.

Воздухоносные пути:

Носовые полости. Имеют сложную форму (3 носовых хода), их стенки выстланы слизистой оболочкой, содержа­щей многочисленные клетки ресничного эпителия. Слизи­стая оболочка выделяет за сутки до 0,5 л слизи. Слизь ув­лажняет и обеззараживает вдыхаемый воздух. Реснички задерживают и выводят наружу пыль. Многочисленные кро­веносные сосуды согревают воздух. Раздражение рецепторов носовой полости вызывает рефлекс чихания.Носовая и ротовая часть глотки.Гортань. Образована хрящами, соединенными при помощи суставов и связок. Щитовидный хрящ защищает гортань спереди. Надгортанник закрывает вход в гортань но время глотания пищи. Между хрящами натянуты связ­ки, где находится голосовая щель. При напряжении голо­совых связок выдыхаемый воздух вызывает их колебание, в результате чего возникают звуки. В результате раздражения рецепторов гортани происходит усиленный рефлекторный выдох — кашель.

Answer 2

Organs of Respiration and Gas Exchange

The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of gases, primarily oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the body and the environment. In humans, this system consists of several organs that work together to facilitate the process of respiration. These organs include the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and diaphragm.

Nose

The nose is the primary organ of respiration. It is responsible for filtering, warming, and moistening the air we breathe. The nose is lined with tiny hairs called cilia and mucus-producing cells that trap dust, pollen, and other particles present in the air. The filtered air then passes through the nasal cavity, where it is warmed and moistened before entering the respiratory system.

Pharynx

The pharynx, also known as the throat, is a muscular tube that connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx. It serves as a common pathway for both air and food. During respiration, the pharynx allows air to pass through to the larynx and trachea.

Larynx

The larynx, commonly known as the voice box, is located at the top of the trachea. It contains vocal cords that vibrate to produce sound when air passes through them. The larynx also plays a crucial role in preventing food and liquid from entering the respiratory system by closing off the opening to the trachea during swallowing.

Trachea

The trachea, or windpipe, is a tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi. It is lined with cilia and mucus-producing cells, similar to the nose, which help to trap and remove foreign particles from the air. The trachea is also supported by C-shaped rings of cartilage, which prevent it from collapsing and maintain its shape.

Bronchi

The trachea divides into two bronchi, one leading to each lung. The bronchi further divide into smaller tubes called bronchioles, which eventually lead to tiny air sacs called alveoli. The bronchi and bronchioles are also lined with cilia and mucus-producing cells, which continue to filter the air and remove any remaining particles.

Lungs

The lungs are the main organs of respiration. They are located in the chest cavity and are protected by the rib cage. The lungs are divided into lobes, with the right lung having three lobes and the left lung having two lobes. Inside the lungs, the bronchioles terminate in clusters of tiny air sacs called alveoli. It is within the alveoli that the exchange of gases between the air and blood takes place.

Diaphragm

The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the chest cavity. It plays a crucial role in the process of respiration by contracting and relaxing. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the chest cavity and causing air to be drawn into the lungs. When the diaphragm relaxes, it moves upward, decreasing the volume of the chest cavity and causing air to be expelled from the lungs.

In summary, the organs of respiration and gas exchange work together to ensure the intake of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide from the body. The nose filters, warms, and moistens the air, while the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles provide a pathway for the air to reach the lungs. The lungs contain alveoli where the exchange of gases occurs, and the diaphragm aids in the process of breathing by contracting and relaxing.

I hope this information helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.