Question

Назовите у приведенных ниже организмов типы двигательных реакций. Кратко опишите причины.

Answer 1

Ответ:

1) Таксисы. Таксисы бывают двух типов: движение организма в сторону раздражителя (положительный таксис) или движение от раздражителя (отрицательный таксис)

2) Тропизм. Тропизмы- это реакции растений на всевозможные раздражители, проявляющиеся в виде роста их органов

3) Настии. нутации- это реакции в ответ на диффузное рассеянный в среде раздражитель

4) Нутация. Нутации- это круговые движения листьев и корней цветоносов или других организмов растений

Объяснение:

Answer 2

Types of Motor Reactions in Organisms

There are various types of motor reactions in organisms. Here are some examples:

1. Ciliary Motion: Ciliary motion is a type of motor reaction that involves the movement of cilia. Cilia are hair-like structures found on the surface of certain cells. They beat in a coordinated manner, creating a wave-like motion that propels the organism or moves substances across its surface. Ciliary motion is commonly observed in organisms such as paramecia and certain types of cells in the human respiratory tract.

2. Flagellar Motion: Flagellar motion is another type of motor reaction that involves the movement of flagella. Flagella are whip-like structures that extend from the cell surface and enable movement. They rotate in a propeller-like manner, allowing the organism to swim or move through a liquid environment. Flagellar motion is seen in organisms such as sperm cells and certain types of bacteria.

3. Muscular Contraction: Muscular contraction is a motor reaction that involves the contraction and relaxation of muscles. Muscles are composed of specialized cells called muscle fibers, which can generate force and produce movement. Muscular contraction allows organisms to move their body parts, perform complex movements, and carry out essential functions such as locomotion and digestion. This type of motor reaction is observed in animals, including humans.

4. Amoeboid Movement: Amoeboid movement is a type of motor reaction exhibited by amoebas and other cells that possess pseudopodia. Pseudopodia are temporary extensions of the cell membrane that can be extended and retracted. By extending pseudopodia in a particular direction, the organism can move and change its shape. Amoeboid movement is essential for the locomotion and feeding of amoebas and certain types of immune cells in the human body.

5. Taxis: Taxis is a type of motor reaction that involves the directed movement of an organism in response to a stimulus. There are different types of taxis, including phototaxis (movement towards or away from light), chemotaxis (movement towards or away from a chemical stimulus), and geotaxis (movement in response to gravity). Taxis allows organisms to navigate their environment and locate favorable conditions for survival and reproduction.

Reasons for Motor Reactions in Organisms

The reasons for motor reactions in organisms can vary depending on the specific type of reaction and the organism itself. Here are some general reasons:

1. Locomotion: One of the primary reasons for motor reactions in organisms is locomotion. Organisms need to move from one place to another to find food, escape from predators, or seek suitable habitats. Motor reactions such as muscular contraction, flagellar motion, and amoeboid movement enable organisms to achieve locomotion and explore their environment.

2. Feeding: Motor reactions are also essential for feeding in many organisms. For example, ciliary motion in the human respiratory tract helps to move mucus and trapped particles out of the lungs. Muscular contraction in the digestive system propels food through the digestive tract, allowing for digestion and absorption of nutrients. These motor reactions ensure the proper functioning of the respiratory and digestive systems.

3. Reproduction: Motor reactions play a crucial role in the reproductive processes of many organisms. For instance, flagellar motion in sperm cells enables them to swim towards the egg for fertilization. In plants, ciliary motion in the pollen tube helps transport sperm cells to the ovule for fertilization. These motor reactions are vital for successful reproduction and the continuation of the species.

4. Response to Stimuli: Motor reactions, such as taxis, allow organisms to respond to various stimuli in their environment. For example, phototaxis enables organisms to move towards a light source, which can be important for photosynthesis or finding mates. Chemotaxis allows organisms to detect and move towards sources of nutrients or move away from harmful substances. These motor reactions help organisms navigate their surroundings and increase their chances of survival.

In summary, organisms exhibit different types of motor reactions, including ciliary motion, flagellar motion, muscular contraction, amoeboid movement, and taxis. These motor reactions serve various purposes such as locomotion, feeding, reproduction, and response to stimuli, enabling organisms to survive and thrive in their respective environments.