Question

З чого утворюється стінка плода. В чому можуть брати участь додаткові стінки плода.

Answer 1

Стінка плода утворюється насамперед зі стінок зав’язі (плоди вишні, персика, сливи) і має три шари: зовнішній, середній та внутрішній. У формуванні стінки плода можуть брати участь й інші частини квітки: квітколоже, основи тичинок, чашолистків і пелюсток. Це відповідь на 1 питання, на друге я не знаю.

Answer 2

Formation of the Fetal Membranes

The fetal membranes, also known as the placental membranes or the fetal sac, are formed during pregnancy and play a crucial role in supporting and protecting the developing fetus. The fetal membranes consist of several layers, including the amnion, chorion, and decidua.

The amnion is the innermost layer of the fetal membranes and surrounds the fetus. It is a thin, transparent membrane filled with amniotic fluid, which provides a protective cushion for the developing fetus. The amnion is formed from the fusion of two layers: the amnion proper and the extraembryonic somatic mesoderm.

The chorion is the outermost layer of the fetal membranes and is responsible for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the mother and the fetus. It is formed from the fusion of the trophoblast (outer layer of the blastocyst) and the extraembryonic somatic mesoderm. The chorion contains chorionic villi, which are finger-like projections that extend into the uterine wall and facilitate the exchange of gases and nutrients.

The decidua is the maternal part of the placenta and is formed from the endometrium (lining of the uterus) during pregnancy. It provides a site for the attachment of the fetal membranes to the uterine wall and plays a role in nutrient transfer and hormone production.

Additional Fetal Membranes

In addition to the main layers of the fetal membranes (amnion, chorion, and decidua), there are certain situations where additional membranes may form. These additional membranes are known as accessory or extra fetal membranes and can be seen in certain pathological conditions or abnormalities during pregnancy.

One example of an additional fetal membrane is the amniotic band. Amniotic bands are thin strands of tissue that can form within the amniotic cavity and can wrap around or constrict parts of the fetus, leading to various congenital abnormalities. The exact cause of amniotic bands is not fully understood, but they are thought to result from the rupture of the amnion and subsequent entanglement of fetal parts in the strands of tissue.

Another example of an additional fetal membrane is the succenturiate placenta. In this condition, there is an additional placental lobe that is separate from the main placenta. The succenturiate placenta is connected to the main placenta by blood vessels and can increase the risk of complications during pregnancy, such as placental abruption or retained placenta.

It is important to note that the formation of additional fetal membranes is not a normal occurrence and is usually associated with certain complications or abnormalities during pregnancy. These additional membranes can have significant implications for the health and development of the fetus, and their presence often requires close monitoring and medical intervention.